Vietnam’s growth remains supported by exports, recovering domestic demand and FDI inflows, sustaining macroeconomic stability

Confidence in the improvement of the credit profile

According to Moody's, Vietnam’s reform process is beginning to show results. Institutional restructuring has reduced administrative layers, merged ministries and agencies, and improved coordination among authorities. As a result, project approval procedures and governance efficiency have improved. Economic competitiveness continues to strengthen through digitalization, infrastructure investment, workforce development, and capital market growth. Risks related to U.S. trade protection measures have eased compared with earlier forecasts. At the same time, Vietnam continues to show resilience through steady economic growth and foreign direct investment inflows. These factors are helping strengthen the country’s role in global supply chains.

Moody's said the outlook upgrade reflects confidence in Vietnam’s ability to strengthen its credit profile over the medium term. Institutional quality and governance are also improving through administrative and legal reforms, along with public sector restructuring carried out since late 2024.

According to Moody's, Vietnam’s growth potential continues to be supported by diversified exports, recovering domestic demand, and foreign direct investment inflows, helping maintain macroeconomic stability. Government debt remains low and stable, debt servicing capacity is secure, and dependence on external borrowing has decreased. This helps reduce foreign exchange risks and improve resilience to external shocks. Moody’s also assessed that Vietnam has the capacity to respond to shocks related to energy prices, transportation costs, and inflationary pressures driven by geopolitical developments.

However, risks in the banking system, the real estate market, and remaining institutional weaknesses continue to weigh on Vietnam’s potential credit rating upgrades in the coming period.

Amid continued volatility in the global economy, Moody's decision to upgrade the outlook while maintaining Vietnam’s credit rating reflects positive progress in economic management and institutional reform.

Standing firm amid global volatility

According to Standard Chartered Vietnam, despite risks related to geopolitics, energy prices, and global trade, Vietnam’s GDP growth outlook for 2026 remains relatively positive.

Nguyen Thuy Hanh said Vietnam is benefiting from several long-term growth drivers, including a growing middle class expected to expand by around 20 to 25 million people by 2030, supporting stronger domestic consumption. At the same time, exports are projected to grow 8% to 10% annually, with a shift toward higher value-added products. By 2030, high-tech products could account for more than half of total export value.

In addition, the stock market upgrade is expected to attract international capital inflows, while financing demand for the green energy transition through 2030 is estimated at US$135 billion to US$150 billion, creating significant opportunities for green finance and carbon markets.

The World Bank in Vietnam also projects that Vietnam’s 2026 growth rate will be among the highest in the region. According to the World Bank, strong growth momentum in 2025 provides an important foundation, helping Vietnam reduce the impact of global headwinds. The institution also commended Vietnam’s increased investment in infrastructure, education, and improvements in institutional quality, which has made policy support measures more effective compared with many countries in the region.

Aaditya Mattoo, Director of the Development Research Group at the World Bank, said that while some countries in the region are showing signs of stagnation or reform fatigue, Vietnam stands out as a clear example of proactive reform in response to challenges. In Vietnam’s case, ongoing reforms in services and manufacturing have led to clear improvements in labor productivity.

According to the Asian Development Outlook April 2026 report by ADB, Vietnam’s economy continues to maintain a positive short-term outlook. Strong exports ahead of U.S. reciprocal tariff adjustments, along with stable policy support and investment, have helped sustain solid economic growth over the past year. However, changing U.S. trade measures, conflicts in the Middle East, and broader global uncertainty may limit exports and investment flows, increasing pressure on growth prospects this year.

According to ADB Country Director for Vietnam Shantanu Chakraborty, “The Government of Vietnam has responded quickly to energy supply disruptions caused by the conflict in the Middle East. Time-bound fiscal measures, including tax reductions and the use of stabilization funds, combined with flexible price management and stronger supply coordination, have helped contain short-term inflationary pressures and support growth. In the longer term, improving energy efficiency, diversifying supply sources, and accelerating the transition to clean energy will play a key role in reducing vulnerability to future shocks.”

However, according to ADB, downside risks remain significant. A prolonged conflict in the Middle East could disrupt flows of oil, gas, and fertilizers through the Strait of Hormuz, raising transportation costs and causing delays. Along with the conflict in Ukraine, these developments are increasing commodity price volatility and continuing to strain global supply chains. Slower growth among major trading partners could also narrow the trade surplus and reduce Vietnam’s growth momentum.

ADB also noted that, from a policy perspective, strengthening the corporate bond market is essential to mobilize long-term financing beyond bank credit and support sustainable investment. Improving transparency, ensuring a consistent legal framework, and expanding market participation will be key to enhancing investor confidence and market efficiency. If effectively implemented, ongoing reforms in this area could help position the corporate bond market as a stable long-term financing channel supporting inclusive and sustainable growth.

Overall, assessments from international organizations reflect recognition of Vietnam’s efforts in macroeconomic stabilization and institutional reform. This also provides a foundation for Vietnam to continue pursuing development goals, aiming for higher growth aligned with economic restructuring.