The key challenge now is to refine policies and accelerate the adoption of circular economy models, laying the groundwork for forming a new generation of greener, smarter and more sustainable IPs.

Improving the legal framework

In the course of national industrialization and modernization, IPs play a crucial role in driving economic growth, attracting investment and creating jobs. Nonetheless, alongside their positive contributions, the operations of IPs also generate many environmental issues, which require strict and sustainable management.

IPs play a crucial role in driving economic growth, attracting investment and creating jobs

In recent years, the legal system on environmental protection has been supplemented and improved to provide a clear legal foundation for pollution control and the launch of circular development models. The Law on Environmental Protection of 2020 clearly stipulates that IPs must invest in and operate centralized wastewater treatment systems that meet technical standards, and must conduct automatic, continuous environmental monitoring with data transmitted to regulatory agencies for supervision.

Decree 35/2022/ND-CP of the Government dated May 28, 2022 on management of industrial parks and economic zones specifies the responsibility of infrastructure investors in building and operating shared environmental protection facilities. Circular 02/2022/TT-BTNMT dated January 10, 2022 provides technical guidelines on monitoring and periodic environmental reporting and requires businesses in IPs to fulfill their environmental responsibility reporting and disclosure obligations.

Notably, the Law on Environmental Protection of 2020 (Clause 5, Article 149) encourages the development of the eco-industrial park model where tenants cooperate in resource reuse, share by-products, and minimize waste in a circular manner. The Ministry of Industry and Trade also picked three pilot IPs for transformation: Tra Noc 1 (Can Tho), Hoa Khanh (Da Nang), and Khanh Phu (Ninh Binh). Initial results show these models help reduce production costs by 15-25% and emissions by 10-20% compared to traditional methods. Currently, over 400 IPs are operational nationwide. However, according to the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment, only about 70% of them have centralized wastewater treatment systems, and not all of them meet standards or operate stably. This is a noteworthy issue arising from implementing legal regulations in practice.

Promoting green transition in IPs

Although the legal system has been relatively well established, enforcement in many localities still faces many shortcomings and obstacles. In some localities, discharges in excess of environmental technical standards still occur. Many tenants in IPs have not connected to automatic monitoring systems or only prepared environmental reports superficially.

Regarding the circular economy model, many businesses have confronted hardships in sharing infrastructure, linking the use of by-products, and investing in recycling technologies. Particularly in small and medium-sized IPs in provinces like Phu Tho, Hung Yen and Thanh Hoa, circular models remain very limited due to a lack of resources and technical guidance.

Furthermore, current incentive policies are not strong enough to encourage businesses to invest in clean technologies, renewable energy and waste treatment. Regulations on tax incentives and green credit are scattered across multiple documents, making them difficult for businesses to access and implement them comprehensively.

Luckily, there are still noteworthy exemplary models. At VSIP Hai Phong Industrial Park, many tenants have invested in rooftop solar power systems which help reduce grid electricity use by 40% and cut approximately 3,000 tons of CO₂ emissions a year. This demonstrates that, with suitable mechanisms, businesses can indeed transition toward a green and efficient direction.

To further facilitate the green transition in IPs, according to many experts, Vietnam should soon issue a set of technical criteria for eco-industrial parks and a mechanism for evaluating and recognizing circular models. At the same time, it is necessary to promote digital transformation in environmental monitoring, enhance monitoring data transparency, and connect IPs to a centralized monitoring system from central to local levels. Developing new-generation IPs will help improve environmental quality, create competitive advantages, attract high-quality investment, and effectively realize the goals of a green economy and green growth as outlined by the Party and the State in the National Strategy to 2050.