A farmer works on his pepper farm in Đắk Lắk. — VNA/VNS Photo Hoài Thu

According to the VPSA, by July 30, Việt Nam exported 164,357 tonnes of various types of pepper. Of the total, black exports of black pepper accounted for 145,330 tonnes and those of white pepper reached 19,027 tonnes.

The total export turnover reached $764.2 million. With the results achieved and with five months remaining of the year, pepper is on track to return to the billion-dollar mark.

Compared to the same period in 2023, the export volume of pepper decreased by 2.2 per cent, but the export turnover increased by 40.8 per cent. The average export price of black pepper in the first seven months reached $4,568 per tonne, while that of white pepper reached $6,195 per tonne, up 32.7 per cent and 25 per cent respectively, year-on-year.

The US is the largest export market for Vietnamese pepper, followed by Germany (up 97.3 per cent), the UAE (up 39.2 per cent) and India (up 39.7 per cent). China ranks fourth with exports decreasing 84.6 per cent compared to the same period.

According to VPSA, the rise in Việt Nam's pepper exports is due to the scarcity of global pepper supply.

Brazil is currently the world's second-largest producer and exporter of black pepper after Vietnam, accounting for 17 to 18 per cent of the global supply. The continuous crop failures in Brazil are expected to have a global ripple effect, driving global pepper prices higher in the last months of 2024 when pepper supply from other major producing countries, including Việt Nam, Malaysia and Indonesia, also declines significantly.

Currently, the global pepper supply is being constrained due to the impact of El Nino. In the long term, over the next three to five years, pepper production will be insufficient to satisfy worldwide demand.

Price hikes were also seen in the domestic market. In July, domestic pepper prices reached VNĐ150,000 per kg, up 82.9 per cent compared to January and up 120.6 per cent from the same period in 2023. On average, black pepper prices have risen 66.5 per cent over the first seven months compared to the same period in 2023.

According to the VPSA, the pepper market is facing numerous challenges and prices are expected to continue fluctuating shortly.

Hoàng Phước Bính, Vice Chairman of the Chư Sê Pepper Association in Gia Lai Province, said producers should recognise the start of a new price increase cycle. This cycle is expected to last about ten years.

A survey conducted by the VPSA in early July across three Central Highlands provinces revealed that pepper cultivation and production are increasingly being challenged by competition from durian and coffee crops. New planting areas have been recorded but remain limited and are mainly intercropping pepper with coffee.

The impact of El Nino climate change at the beginning of the year has continuously impacted farmers' pepper cultivation and maintenance. This was followed by La Niña, which has further unsettled farmers, especially at a time when durian and coffee prices are high, making pepper cultivation less attractive for replanting on a large scale.

Through a survey of key pepper-growing areas of Việt Nam, including three Central Highlands provinces (Gia Lai, Đắk Lắk and Đắk Nông) and three Southeast provinces (Bình Phước, Đồng Nai and Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu), Bính assessed that the area assigned to pepper cultivation has decreased by up to 50 per cent compared to its peak.