In recent years, fires and explosions in Vietnam have worsened, with 4,112 incidents in 2024 resulting in 100 deaths, 89 injuries, over VND657 billion in damage, and nearly 640 hectares of forest loss. Large-scale fires in mini-apartments, factories, and chemical warehouses highlight the flaws of traditional fire safety. Amid rapid urbanization, the need for fire safety is pushing a transition from reactive firefighting to proactive smart fire prevention, emphasizing early warnings, risk prediction, and quick responses. Vietnam is now piloting new models that use technologies like AI, drones, robots, IoT, and digital twins.

Applying smart technologies

AI is a standout solution that fundamentally alters how fire incidents are detected and managed. Traditional fire alarms, which use smoke or heat sensors, were prone to false alarms and had difficulty pinpointing a fire's origin. Now, AI-integrated cameras can identify smoke, flames, and even unusual behavior, analyzing and issuing alerts in just seconds. AI also uses historical and environmental data to forecast fire risks in specific areas. In Ho Chi Minh City, over 150 firefighters have been trained to use AI for monitoring, awareness programs, and data processing, showcasing the digital transformation of this specialized force.

Alongside AI, drones and robots are acting as the "extended arms" of firefighters. A six-rotor UAV from CT Group stood out at the International Fire Safety, Rescue, Security Exhibition 2025. This drone, with a 25kg payload, a 20km range, and 30 to 60 minutes of flight time, features a thermal camera and signal system. These devices help spot fires from afar and can enter dangerous areas like high rise buildings, chemical warehouses, or smoke-filled spaces that are unsafe for humans.

Major General Pham Van Ty, Deputy Director of the Vietnam People's Army (VPA) General Staff's Search and Rescue Department said that technically, drones are entirely capable of saving people if they meet payload requirements, but the law has yet to provide detailed regulations; therefore, it is necessary to complete the legal framework. This is also the problem the firefighting sector must address if it wants to popularize high-tech solutions in practice.

In tandem with AI and drones are smart sensor systems. No longer limited to detecting smoke, today’s sensors can measure toxic gas concentrations, temperature, and humidity, then transmit real-time data to the control center. Citizens can also participate through Fire Alarm 114 app, which allows sending images, videos, and audio to verify incidents. This increases interactivity and shortens response times. 

Smart buildings and the future of fire safety

The term "smart building," once a real estate buzzword, is now being redefined by fire safety. A modern building should have more than just cameras and smart elevators. It needs to integrate complete fire prevention and fighting solutions, including smoke-proof doors, automatic sprinklers, AI-controlled smoke exhaust fans, multi-point sensors, and digital twin models that simulate how smoke and heat spread. When a fire breaks out, this technology doesn't just sound an alarm; it automatically finds escape routes and suggests safe paths to residents through their phones or on guidance displays.

In factories, particularly industrial zones with hundreds of companies, smart systems are even more critical. A chemical production line can be equipped with gas leak sensors, automatic shut-off valves, and workshop-specific fire risk maps. Vietnam has over 400 industrial zones, many with outdated or unsynchronized fire safety systems. Applying smart technology would not only lower the risk of disasters but also improve management, reduce insurance costs, and boost foreign investor confidence.

Colonel Nguyen Thanh Diep, Deputy Director of the Department of Fire Prevention, Fighting and Rescue, assessed that many AI-based systems for fire risk warning, along with modern equipment such as drones and robots, will be applied in fire safety and rescue operations. However, for these technologies to be fully effective, it is necessary to synchronously improve the legal system, management mechanisms, and the quality of human resources. 

Assessments show the high-tech fire safety market will grow quickly, particularly in major cities and industrial zones. Made in Vietnam products like UAVs, robots, and sensors could expand with more research funding and tax incentives. However, high initial investment costs are a major barrier, as smart systems are much more capital intensive than traditional gear. The key is to create incentives for businesses, especially building and industrial zone owners, to adopt these solutions by proving their long-term benefits: lower operating costs, reduced risks, and an improved corporate image. Simultaneously, new fire technologies must be paired with public communication and training. Modern technology is useless without escape skills and vigilance; therefore, safety education, regular drills, and building a culture of safety are essential.

During industrialization and urbanization, modern science and technology are essential for better fire prevention and control. If Vietnam establishes a solid legal framework, secures business investment, and increases public awareness, the nation's fire safety sector can achieve a breakthrough, setting a new standard and building a safer, more advanced society.