They gathered at a seminar hosted by the Ho Chi Minh City Centre of International Integration Support (CIIS) under the HCM City Institute for Development Studies on December 15, aiming to explore ways for fostering Viet Nam's trade with the two Northeast Asian countries.

Vu Manh Dong from the Ministry of Industry and Trade’s Department of Foreign Market Development said Japan remains one of Viet Nam’s leading economic partners across trade, foreign direct investment (FDI), official development assistance (ODA), and labour cooperation. Bilateral trade has been strongly supported by free trade agreements such as the Viet Nam – Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (VJEPA), the ASEAN – Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership (AJCEP), the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP).

Trade structures between the two countries are largely complementary. Viet Nam mainly exports textiles and garments, transport vehicles and parts, machinery, wood products, aquatic products, and computers and components to Japan, while importing computers, electronic components, machinery, equipment, and steel products.

In terms of investment, Japan was Viet Nam’s third-largest investor as of the end of November 2025, with 5,698 projects and total registered capital of 79.27 billion USD, accounting for about 15% of total FDI.

According to the official, Viet Nam – Japan cooperation benefits from tariff incentives under the FTAs, geographical proximity, Viet Nam’s labour advantages, and Japan’s strong capacity for technology transfer. However, Vietnamese businesses face challenges including stringent quality standards—particularly for agro-fishery products, intense competition from other countries, limited access to capital and advanced technology, cultural differences, and exchange rate volatility.

Exports to Japan are expected to continue growing in wooden furniture, textiles – garments, food products, and handicrafts, Dong said.

Pham Minh Ha, First Secretary at the Viet Nam Trade Office in Japan, said the Japanese market increasingly prioritises safety, traceability, green consumption, and health-oriented products, driving demand for processed and frozen food as well as convenience products. Packaging requirements are strict, while drugstore chains are emerging as a new distribution channel for certain food and agricultural products.

To succeed, she recommended, businesses must stay updated on regulations, ensure quality control, invest in technology, pursue long-term market strategies, promote trade promotion, and further engage in business networking activities in Japan.

Turning to the RoK, Pham Khac Tuyen, Commercial Counsellor at the Vietnamese Embassy in this country, identified four major barriers: tightening legal and technical standards; mandatory environmental, social and governance (ESG) requirements; pressures from digitalisation and localisation; and stringent logistics and testing standards of distribution systems.

Vietnamese firms should focus on long-term value rather than short-term price competition, prioritising product quality, environmentally friendly packaging, brand building, and sustainable partnerships, he said, ading that participating in specialised fairs in the RoK is also an effective way to seek suitable partners.

Nguyen Duy Kien, head of the Northeast Asia and South Pacific division at the Ministry of Industry and Trade, noted that shifting supply chains and rising high-tech investment from the RoK offer opportunities for Vietnamese firms to integrate more deeply into Korean supply chains, particularly in supporting industries.

However, he warned against over-reliance on single customers; underinvestment in production capacity, quality governance, and technology; and weak negotiation skills, contract risk management, and business culture understanding.

Kien recommended that enterprises upgrade capabilities in stages, from simple processing to higher-value, technology-intensive component manufacturing. He also called on authorities to shift from traditional investment promotion to strategic support, including assistance with international certification, digital transformation, and legal advisory services.